Learn English idioms with meanings and examples

🌎Region: International 📊Difficulty Level:intermediate

hard to come by

Difficult to find, obtain, or experience; scarce or not easily available.

From the phrasal verb “come by” meaning “obtain/find,” used from the 19th century; adding “hard to” emphasizes scarcity or difficulty of acquisition.

Common, neutral phrase meaning “scarce.” Used for objects, opportunities, people, or time. Slightly informal but fine in most contexts.

  • Affordable apartments in this neighborhood are hard to come by.
  • After the storm, clean drinking water was hard to come by.
  • These days, a reliable mechanic you can trust is hard to come by.
  • Original copies of that 1970s album are hard to come by.
  • During the holidays, quiet time alone is hard to come by.

Typically used as a predicate after a noun: “X is hard to come by.” Also as a modifier: “hard-to-come-by X.” Keep “come by” fixed; don’t usually change word order.

  • scarce
  • hard to find
  • difficult to obtain
  • in short supply
  • easy to find
  • readily available
  • plentiful